Whole body Vibe Science

 

VIBRATION PLATES AND ARTHRITIS

Vibration platforms can reduce pain and disability by improving local circulation to the painful area. They can even reverse the effects naturally. For example, using a modified push up on a vibration platform has shown to help with hand neural efficiency for patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (Lacerda et al., 2019). Routine whole body vibration therapy can simulate stretching exercise of connective tissues, giving effective and sometimes immediate relief of arthritis and rheumatism.

The vibrations from Whole Body Vibe Systems deliver mechanical loading to the skeletal muscles. This increases strength by improving circulation and flexibility (Salmon et al., 2012) and “muscle strength increased significantly” (Trans et al., 2009). “New treatment methods like Whole Body Vibration training also seek to improve muscle coordination and thereby optimize affected joint loading” (Stein et al., 2010).

REFERENCES

1. Wilcock, I.; Whatman, C.; Harris, N.; Keogh, J. Vibration Training: Could It Enhance the Strength, Power, or Speed of Athletes? Journal of strength and conditioning research 2009, 23, 593-603.
2. Torvinen, S.; Kannus, P.; SIEVÄNEN, H.; JÄRVINEN, T. A. H.; PASANEN, M.; KONTULAINEN, S.; JÄRVINEN, T. L. N.; JÄRVINEN, M.; OJA, P.; VUORI, I. Effect of four-month vertical whole body vibration on performance and balance. Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2002, 34, 1523-1528.

 

 

WHOLE BODY VIBE AND ATHLETES

A vibration machine can help to increase athletic performance. Increased blood flow and oxygenation of the muscles prompts elasticity, strength, and power (Wilcock et al., 2009). Holding a pose for up to 60 seconds at a time can activate targeted muscle groups.

Studies have shown vibration therapy improves vertical jump (Torvinen et al., 2002). The exercises using a vibrating plate can improve physical condition for athletes from many sports.

REFERENCES

1. Wilcock, I.; Whatman, C.; Harris, N.; Keogh, J. Vibration Training: Could It Enhance the Strength, Power, or Speed of Athletes? Journal of strength and conditioning research 2009, 23, 593-603.
2. Torvinen, S.; Kannus, P.; SIEVÄNEN, H.; JÄRVINEN, T. A. H.; PASANEN, M.; KONTULAINEN, S.; JÄRVINEN, T. L. N.; JÄRVINEN, M.; OJA, P.; VUORI, I. Effect of four-month vertical whole body vibration on performance and balance. Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2002, 34, 1523-1528.

 

 

WHOLE BODY VIBE PLATES AND BACK PAIN

Routine whole body vibration therapy can provide effective relief of back pain. Back pain can make daily tasks and exercising difficult and painful. A common treatment of back pain is to stretch and strengthen the muscles in the back and core. Vibration machines can and strengthen connective tissues without straining them.

The frequent vibrations strengthens muscles to improve posture and spinal health to prevent and eliminate back pain. Back pain due to extended sitting decreased in workers of a 2017 study after vibration treatment (Kaeding et al., 2017).  Rittwinger also found vibration machines can reduce chronic lower back pain (Rittweger et al., 2002).

REFERENCES

1. Kaeding, T. S.; Karch, A.; Schwarz, R.; Flor, T.; Wittke, T. -.; Kück, M.; Böselt, G.; Tegtbur, U.; Stein, L. Whole-body vibration training as a workplace-based sports activity for employees with chronic low-back pain. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017, 27, 2027-2039.
2. Rittweger, J.; Just, K.; Kautzsch, K.; Reeg, P.; Felsenberg, D. Treatment of Chronic Lower Back Pain with Lumbar Extension and Whole-Body Vibration Exercise: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Spine 2002, 27, 1829–1834.

 

BALANCE

Poor balance affects a wide variety of people, can be short-term or permanent, and can cause dizziness. About 30% of people over the age of 65 lose their balance and suffer a fall each year.

WHOLE BODY VIBRATION AND BALANCE

Whole body vibration has been found to improve balance (Sitjà-Rabert et al., 2012). Whole body vibration delivers mechanical loading to the skeleton, which increases bone mass and enhances muscle and skeletal control. As a result, balance, gait, and posture improve.

Often, those who suffer from imbalance don’t have the muscle strength and coordination to prevent them from falling. Whole Body Vibration can improve balance and increase muscular strength and power (Salmon et al., 2012). Whole body vibration can strengthen core and leg muscles and is a simple and effective form of exercise to help those suffering from imbalance to gain control.

REFERENCES

1. Sitjà-Rabert, M.; Rigau, D.; Fort Vanmeerghaeghe, A.; Romero-Rodríguez, D.; Bonastre Subirana, M.; Bonfill, X. Efficacy of whole body vibration exercise in older people: a systematic review. Disability and rehabilitation 2012, 34, 883-893.
2. Salmon, J. R.; Roper, J. A.; Tillman, M. D. Does Acute Whole-Body Vibration Training Improve the Physical Performance of People with Knee Osteoarthritis? Journal of strength and conditioning research 2012, 26, 2983-2989.

 

 

 

 

BRAIN HEALTH

A wide variety of conditions are related to brain health. This can include injuries, like concussion, or other neurological disorders like fibromyalgia, alzheimers, cystic fibrosis, and even stroke and brain cancer. Many of these mechanisms of these challenges are not yet well known. However, all of them are improved with increased oxygen circulation in the brain, which is an important benefit of Whole Body Vibration.

WHOLE BODY VIBRATION AND BRAIN HEALTH

Below is a collection of scientific articles about many different conditions of the brain that can be improved with whole body vibration therapy.

For reference: Provitae Whole Body Vibe vibrations are oscillating (side-to-side), range from 1-10mm in amplitude, from 1-16 hz, and from 0-5g (g-force)

CEREBRAL OXYGENATION AND BLOOD VOLUME RESPONSES TO SEATED WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION

Role of backrest support and hand grip contractions on regional cerebral oxygenation and blood volume were evaluated by near infrared spectroscopy in 13 healthy men during whole-body vibration (WBV). Subjects were exposed to three WBV (3, 4.5, and 6 Hz at approximately 0.9 g(rms) in the vertical direction), in a randomized order on separate days.

During WBV, subjects performed right-hand maximal voluntary intermittent rhythmic hand grip contractions for 1 min. Subjects demonstrated highest oxygenation and blood volume values at 4.5 Hz, however, these responses were similar with and without backrest support (P>0.01). Compared to WBV alone, addition of hand grip exercise during WBV further increased oxygenation (0.07+/-0.11 vs. 0.004+/-0.11 od, P=0.003) and blood volume (0.156+/-0.20 vs. 0.066+/-0.17 od, P=0.000) in the right forehead. Peak oxygen uptake did not correlate to changes in oxygenation and blood volume (P>0.01).

Based on the increase in ventilation volume and no change in the ratio of ventilation volume and expired carbon dioxide (P>0.01), it is concluded that WBV induces hyperventilation that might activate the pre-frontal cortical region, thus influencing cerebral responses through neuronal activation.

Maikala RV, King S, Bhambhani YN. Cerebral oxygenation and blood volume responses to seated whole-body vibration. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2005 Dec;95(5-6):447-53. doi: 10.1007/s00421-005-0013-8. Epub 2005 Sep 22. PMID: 16177916.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16177916/

 

 

COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF WHOLE BODY VIBRATION IN STROKE PATIENTS: A META-ANALYSIS

Objectives: The goals of this study were to assess the effectiveness of WBV (whole body vibration) training through an analysis of effect sizes, identify advantages of WBV training, and suggest other effective treatment methods.

 

Methods: Four databases, namely, EMBASE, PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science, were used to collect articles on vibration. Keywords such as “vibration” and “stroke” were used in the search for published articles. Consequently, eleven studies were selected in the second screening using meta-analyses.

Results: The total effect size of patients with dementia in the studies was 0.25, which was small. The effect size of spasticity was the greatest at 1.24 (high), followed by metabolism at 0.99 (high), balance, muscle strength, gait, and circulation in the decreasing order of effect size.

Conclusions: The effect sizes for muscle strength and balance and gait function, all of which play an important role in performance of daily activities, were small. In contrast, effect sizes for bone metabolism and spasticity were moderate. This suggests that WBV training may provide a safe, alternative treatment method for improving the symptoms of stroke in patients.

Park YJ, Park SW, Lee HS. Comparison of the Effectiveness of Whole Body Vibration in Stroke Patients: A Meta-Analysis. Biomed Res Int. 2018 Jan 2;2018:5083634. doi: 10.1155/2018/5083634. PMID: 29487869; PMCID: PMC5816889.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29487869/

 

EFFICACY OF WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION TRAINING ON BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR, CLINICAL AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES, AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN WOMEN WITH FIBROMYALGIA SYNDROME: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of whole-body vibration training (WBVT) on blood brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and determine the clinical and functional outcomes in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Thirty-two women with FMS were randomized into an intervention group (IG), receiving 6 weeks of WBVT, or a control group (CG) with no intervention.

The results demonstrate that WBVT promotes an increase in blood BDNF levels, with concomitant improvement in lower limb muscle strength, aerobic capacity, clinical symptoms, and quality of life in women with FMS.

Ribeiro VGC, Lacerda ACR, Santos JM, Coelho-Oliveira AC, Fonseca SF, Prates ACN, Flor J, Garcia BCC, Tossige-Gomes R, Leite HR, Fernandes JSC, Arrieiro AN, Sartorio A, Sañudo B, Sá-Caputo DC, Bernardo-Filho M, Figueiredo PHS, Costa HS, Lima VP, Cardoso RF, Bastone AC, Soares LA, Mendonça VA, Taiar R. Efficacy of Whole-Body Vibration Training on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Clinical and Functional Outcomes, and Quality of Life in Women with Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Healthc

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34900203/

MULTI-MECHANICAL WAVES AGAINST ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE PATHOLOGY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, affecting approximately 40 million people worldwide. Mechanical vibrations delivered in different stimulation modes have been associated with marked improvements in cognitive and physical performance in both demented and non-demented elderly.

In this review, a search on Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases was performed, resulting in 37 papers. These studies suggest that mechanical vibrations delivered through different stimulation modes are effective in attenuating many parameters of AD pathology including functional connectivity and neuronal circuit integrity deficits in the brains of AD patients, as well as in subjects with cognitive decline and non-demented older adults.

Monteiro F, Sotiropoulos I, Carvalho Ó, Sousa N, Silva FS. Multi-mechanical waves against Alzheimer’s disease pathology: a systematic review. Transl Neurodegener. 2021 Sep 24;10(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s40035-021-00256-z. PMID: 34560902; PMCID: PMC8464104.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34560902/

 

BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF WHOLE BODY VIBRATION ON BRAIN FUNCTIONS IN MICE AND HUMANS

The aim of the current study was to further investigate the effects of a 5-week WBV intervention on brain functions. Humans (both genders, age ranging from 44-99 years) were also exposed to daily sessions of 30 Hz WBV (4 minutes per day, 4 days per week, for a period of 5 weeks; n = 18). Controls received the same protocol using a 1 Hz protocol (n = 16).

Cognitive tests in humans revealed a selective improvement in the Stroop Color-Word test. Taken together, it is concluded that WBV is a safe intervention to improve brain functioning, although the subtle effects suggest that the protocol is as yet suboptimal.

Boerema AS, Heesterbeek M, Boersma SA, Schoemaker R, de Vries EFJ, van Heuvelen MJG, Van der Zee EA. Beneficial Effects of Whole Body Vibration on Brain Functions in Mice and Humans. Dose Response. 2018 Dec 4;16(4):1559325818811756. doi: 10.1177/1559325818811756. PMID: 30574028; PMCID: PMC6299320.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30574028/

 

WHOLE BODY VIBRATION IMPROVES SPATIAL MEMORY, ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR, AND MOTOR PERFORMANCE IN AGED MALE AND FEMALE RATS

Animals underwent a 5-week WBV intervention protocol with low intensity (frequency of 30 Hz and amplitude of 50-200 μm) stimulation. After 5 weeks, the following cognitive and motor tests were administered: open-field, novel and spatial object recognition, grip-hanging, and balance-beam. WBV-treated rats showed a decrease in their anxiety level in the open field test compared with those in the pseudo-treated controls. In addition, WBV-treated male animals showed significantly increased rearing in the open-field test compared to their pseudo controls. Spatial memory was significantly improved by WBV treatment, whereas WBV had no effect on object memory.

Regarding motor performance, both grip strength and motor coordination were improved by WBV treatment. Our results indicate that WBV seems to have comparable beneficial effects on age-related emotional, cognitive, and motor decline as what has been reported for active PE (Physical Exercise).

As such, these findings further support the idea that WBV could be considered as a useful alternative for PE in case active PE cannot be performed due to physical or mental issues.

Oroszi T, Geerts E, de Boer SF, Schoemaker RG, van der Zee EA, Nyakas C. Whole Body Vibration Improves Spatial Memory, Anxiety-Like Behavior, and Motor Performance in Aged Male and Female Rats. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022 Jan 21;13:801828. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.801828. PMID: 35126091; PMCID: PMC8815031.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35126091/

 

THE MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC EFFECT OF LOW-FREQUENCY WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION AFTER CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA IN RATS

Here, we intended to explore the effects of daily WBV on neurological behavior, brain structure, and neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia in rats for 4 weeks. Results showed that improvements in weight or comprehensive neurological deficits were not significantly different under WBV or control treatment, and the degrees of brain damage and the numbers of necrotic neurons in the ischemic cortex were similar in two groups.

However, WBV markedly improved animals’ coordination from 14d to 28d (P < 0.05) and muscle strength of the upper limbs at 21d and 28d (P < 0.05 & P < 0.001) compared with the control group. WBV promoted the increase in the number of bromodeoxyuridine-positive (BrdU⁺) cells at 3d (P < 0.05) and 14d (P < 0.001) and the number of BrdU⁺/nestin⁺ cells at 14d (P < 0.01) after ischemia when compared to the control group. The numbers of BrdU⁺/NeuN⁺ cells at 21d and 28d (P < 0.001) were enhanced by WBV treatment.

In addition, WBV significantly promoted the proliferation of astrocytes and their neural processes thickening after 14d. The expression levels of neural markers, such as doublecortin, microtubule-associated protein 2, and glial fibrillary acidic protein, were upregulated in the ipsilateral cortex at different time points.

Huang D, Yang Z, Wang Z, Wang P, Qu Y. The macroscopic and microscopic effect of low-frequency whole-body vibration after cerebral ischemia in rats. Metab Brain Dis. 2018 Feb;33(1):15-25. doi: 10.1007/s11011-017-0113-2. Epub 2017 Sep 25. PMID: 28948448.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28948448/

 

EFFECT OF WHOLE BODY VIBRATION ON THE RAT BRAIN CONTENT OF SEROTONIN AND PLASMA CORTICOSTERONE

To investigate the effects of whole body vibration on the central nervous system, rats were exposed to various whole body vibrations and changes in whole brain levels of Serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were then determined. Changes in plasma corticosterone levels were also determined and related to the changes in the whole brain levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA.

Changes in vibration frequency also affected the 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels of brain: they were significantly elevated at a frequency of 20 Hz (P less than 0.05). Plasma corticosterone levels increased as acceleration increased from 0.4G to 5.0G. As the vibration frequency was changed from 5 Hz to 30 Hz, plasma corticosterone levels also rose significantly (P less than 0.05) but the extent of elevation was approximately the same at each frequency. The correlation between brain 5-HT and plasma corticosterone levels with increasing acceleration (r = 0.93, P less than 0.01) was significant.

Ariizumi M, Okada A. Effect of whole body vibration on the rat brain content of serotonin and plasma corticosterone. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1983;52(1):15-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00429019. PMID: 6197301.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6197301/

 

OPTIMAL FREQUENCY OF WHOLE BODY VIBRATION IN OLDER PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC STROKE: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

TRAINING FOR IMPROVING BALANCE AND PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE

Results: Significant time × group interaction effects in five-repetition sit-to-stand test (p = 0.014) and timed-up-and-go test at self-preferred speed (p = 0.028) were observed. The high-frequency group outperformed the zero-frequency group in both five-repetition sit-to-stand test (p = 0.039) and timed-up-and-go test at self-preferred speed (p = 0.024) after 10-sessions training.

No significant group-difference were found between low-frequency and high-frequency groups. No adverse events were reported during study.

Conclusions: Compared with 13 Hz, 26 Hz had no more benefits on balance and physical performance in older people with chronic stroke.

Wei N, Cai M. Optimal frequency of whole body vibration training for improving balance and physical performance in the older people with chronic stroke: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2022 Mar;36(3):342-349. doi: 10.1177/02692155211050564. Epub 2021 Nov 19. PMID: 34796725.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34796725/

 

IMPROVING ATTENTION AND MOTOR PERFORMANCE IN MICE with WHOLE BODY VIBRATION (Results DEPENDING ON THE DURATION OF THE WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION SESSION)

Results: WBV sessions of five (but not WBV sessions of 30 minutes) improved balance beam performance (mice gained 28% in time needed to cross the beam) and novel object recognition (mice paid significantly more attention to the novel object) as compared to pseudo WBV, but no change was found for spatial object performance (mice did not notice the relocation). Although 30 minutes WBV sessions were not beneficial, it did not impair either attention or motor performance.

Conclusion: These results show that brief sessions of WBV improve, next to motor performance, attention for object recognition, but not spatial cues of the objects. The selective improvement of attention in mice opens the avenue to unravel the underlying brain mechanisms.

Keijser JN, van Heuvelen MJG, Nyakas C, Tóth K, Schoemaker RG, Zeinstra E, van der Zee EA. WHOLE BODY VIBRATION IMPROVES ATTENTION AND MOTOR PERFORMANCE IN MICE DEPENDING ON THE DURATION OF THE WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION SESSION. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2017 Jun 5;14(4):128-134. doi: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i4.15. PMID: 28638875; PMCID: PMC5471459.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28638875/

 

EFFECTS OF LOW-FREQUENCY WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION ON HEALTHY MEN FOR MUSCLE ACTIVITY

The aim of this study was to determine whether low-frequency whole-body vibration (WBV) modulates the excitability of the corticospinal and intracortical pathways related to tibialis anterior (TA) muscle activity, thus contributing to the observed changes in neuromuscular function during and after WBV exercise.

Tibialis anterior MEP facilitation in response to single-pulse TMS suggests that WBV increased corticospinal pathway excitability. Increased TA and SOL SICI and decreased TA ICF in response to paired-pulse TMS during WBV indicate vibration-induced alteration of the intracortical processes as well.

Mileva KN, Bowtell JL, Kossev AR. Effects of low-frequency whole-body vibration on motor-evoked potentials in healthy men. Exp Physiol. 2009 Jan;94(1):103-16. doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.2008.042689. Epub 2008 Jul 25. PMID: 18658234.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18658234/

NEUROPROTECTIVE AND REHABILITATIVE FOR IRISIN, A PROTEIN HORMONE: STRATEGIES FOR STROKE USING WBV

Irisin IS  a newly discovered protein hormone that is secreted in response to low frequency whole body vibration (LFV). This could be a promising post-stroke rehabilitation therapy for patients who are frail and cannot comply with regular rehabilitation therapy. Irisin is generated from a membrane-bound precursor protein fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). Irisin is highly expressed in muscle, and also, FNDC5 is highly expressed in the brain.

Inflammation and metabolism govern the outcome  of a stroke, and in a published study, we demonstrated that LFV therapy following middle cerebral artery occlusion significantly reduced innate immune response, improved motor function and infarct volume in reproductively senescent female rats.

Huberman MA, d’Adesky ND, Niazi QB, Perez-Pinzon MA, Bramlett HM, Raval AP. Irisin-Associated Neuroprotective and Rehabilitative Strategies for Stroke. Neuromolecular Med. 2021 Jul 3. doi: 10.1007/s12017-021-08666-y. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34215971.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34215971/

 

MODULATION OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY BY VIBRATORY TRAINING IN MICE (boy young and old)

In the past 40 years, scientific research has shown how Whole Body Vibration concept represents a strong stimulus for the whole organism. Low (<30 Hz), medium (30-80 Hz), and high (>80 Hz) frequency vibrations can have both positive and negative effects, depending on the oscillation type and duration of exposure to which the body is subjected.

In this regard, we verified whether three vibratory training protocols, differing in terms of vibration frequency and exposure time to vibration, could modulate synaptic plasticity in an experimental mouse model, by extracellular recordings in vitro in hippocampal slices of mice of 4 and 24 months old.

Our results showed that vibratory training can modulate synaptic plasticity differently, depending on the protocol used, and that the best effects are related to the training protocol characterized by a low vibration frequency and a longer recovery time.

Cariati I, Bonanni R, Pallone G, Annino G, Tancredi V, D’Arcangelo G. Modulation of Synaptic Plasticity by Vibratory Training in Young and Old Mice. Brain Sci. 2021 Jan 10;11(1):82. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11010082. PMID: 33435131; PMCID: PMC7827198.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33435131/

 

THE EFFECTS OF WHOLE BODY VIBRATION ON MOBILITY AND BALANCE IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS

Objective: We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of whole-body vibration on physiologic and functional measurements in children with cerebral palsy.

Design and methods: We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, EMBASE, Scielo, CINAHL (from the earliest date available to November 2014) for randomized controlled trials, that aimed to investigate the effects of whole-body vibration versus exercise and/or versus control on physiologic and functional measurements in children with cerebral palsy. Two reviewers independently selected the studies. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results: Six studies with 176 patients comparing whole-body vibration to exercise and/or control were included. Whole-body vibration resulted in improvement in: gait speed WMDs (0.13 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.20); gross motor function dimension E WMDs (2.97 95% CI: 0.07 to 5.86) and femur bone density (1.32 95% CI: 0.28 to 2.36). The meta-analysis also showed a nonsignificant difference in muscle strength and gross motor function dimension D for participants in the whole-body vibration compared with control group. No serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusions: Whole-body vibration may improve gait speed and standing function in children with cerebral palsy and could be considered for inclusion in rehabilitation programs.

Saquetto M, Carvalho V, Silva C, Conceição C, Gomes-Neto M. The effects of whole body vibration on mobility and balance in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2015 Jun;15(2):137-44. PMID: 26032205; PMCID: PMC5133716.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26032205/

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